Red light therapy works through a process called photobiomodulation. Certain wavelengths of light are absorbed by components inside the cell, which may influence how the cell produces and uses energy.
Researchers have proposed that red and near-infrared light may be absorbed by cytochrome c oxidase, an enzyme in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. This interaction has been studied for its potential influence on cellular energy metabolism, inflammatory signaling, and circulation.
This matters for usage because light therapy follows a dose-response relationship. Too little exposure may produce no effect, while excessive exposure provides no additional benefit and can unnecessarily warm the skin.
That is why correct session length, consistency, and skin exposure are more important than simply staying under the lights for as long as possible.
